diff --git a/app/models/__tests__/executeAutoPick.timer.test.ts b/app/models/__tests__/executeAutoPick.timer.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ade15eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/models/__tests__/executeAutoPick.timer.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for executeAutoPick timer behavior across chess_clock and standard modes.
+ *
+ * chess_clock: auto-picks earn the increment (bank += increment) so a team that
+ *              times out doesn't get permanently frozen at 0 on all future turns.
+ * standard:    auto-picks reset the bank to exactly draftIncrementTime.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
+import { executeAutoPick } from "../draft-utils";
+
+// ── Module-level mocks ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+vi.mock("~/server/socket", () => ({
+  getSocketIO: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("~/models/draft-pick", () => ({
+  getDraftPicksWithSports: vi.fn(),
+  getTeamDraftPicksWithSports: vi.fn(),
+  isParticipantDrafted: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("~/models/participant", () => ({
+  getParticipantsForSeasonWithSports: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("~/models/season-sport", () => ({
+  getSeasonSportsSimple: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("~/models/draft-queue", () => ({
+  getTeamQueue: vi.fn(),
+  getAllQueuesForSeason: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("~/lib/draft-eligibility", () => ({
+  calculateDraftEligibility: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+// database context not needed — we pass db directly to executeAutoPick
+vi.mock("~/database/context");
+
+import { getDraftPicksWithSports, getTeamDraftPicksWithSports, isParticipantDrafted } from "~/models/draft-pick";
+import { getParticipantsForSeasonWithSports } from "~/models/participant";
+import { getSeasonSportsSimple } from "~/models/season-sport";
+import { getTeamQueue, getAllQueuesForSeason } from "~/models/draft-queue";
+import { calculateDraftEligibility } from "~/lib/draft-eligibility";
+
+// ── Fixtures ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const SEASON_ID = "season-1";
+const TEAM_ID = "team-1";
+const NEXT_TEAM_ID = "team-2";
+const PARTICIPANT_ID = "p-1";
+const SPORT_ID = "sport-1";
+
+const mockParticipantForQueue = {
+  id: PARTICIPANT_ID,
+  name: "Test Player",
+  sportsSeason: { sport: { id: SPORT_ID, name: "NFL" } },
+};
+
+const mockParticipantFull = {
+  id: PARTICIPANT_ID,
+  name: "Test Player",
+  sportsSeason: {
+    id: "ss-1",
+    sport: { id: SPORT_ID, name: "NFL" },
+  },
+};
+
+const mockDraftPick = {
+  id: "pick-1",
+  seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+  teamId: TEAM_ID,
+  participantId: PARTICIPANT_ID,
+  pickNumber: 1,
+  round: 1,
+  pickInRound: 1,
+  pickedByUserId: "",
+  pickedByType: "auto",
+};
+
+const mockDraftSlots = [
+  {
+    id: "slot-1",
+    seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+    teamId: TEAM_ID,
+    draftOrder: 1,
+    team: { id: TEAM_ID, name: "Team 1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, ownerId: "owner-1" },
+  },
+  {
+    id: "slot-2",
+    seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+    teamId: NEXT_TEAM_ID,
+    draftOrder: 2,
+    team: { id: NEXT_TEAM_ID, name: "Team 2", seasonId: SEASON_ID, ownerId: "owner-2" },
+  },
+];
+
+function makeSeason(overrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
+  return {
+    id: SEASON_ID,
+    leagueId: "league-1",
+    status: "draft",
+    draftRounds: 3,
+    draftInitialTime: 120,
+    draftIncrementTime: 15,
+    draftTimerMode: "chess_clock",
+    currentPickNumber: 1,
+    draftPaused: false,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build a mock DB for executeAutoPick.
+ *
+ * The `returning` mock is left unconfigured so individual tests can set up
+ * the sequence of values they expect (pick insert, then timer update).
+ */
+function makeMockDb(seasonOverrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
+  const mockDb: any = {
+    query: {
+      // Race-condition guard — no existing pick at this slot
+      draftPicks: { findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) },
+      seasons: { findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(makeSeason(seasonOverrides)) },
+      draftSlots: { findMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(mockDraftSlots) },
+      participants: {
+        // findMany: used by autoPickForTeam queue path
+        findMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([mockParticipantForQueue]),
+        // findFirst: used by executeAutoPick to fetch full participant details
+        findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(mockParticipantFull),
+      },
+      draftTimers: {
+        // Default: timer is at 0 (expired), which is the normal auto-pick trigger state
+        findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: "timer-1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 0 }),
+      },
+      // checkAndTriggerNextAutodraft reads this; returning null prevents any recursion
+      autodraftSettings: { findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) },
+    },
+    insert: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+    values: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+    returning: vi.fn(),  // configured per-test
+    update: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+    set: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+    where: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+    delete: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+  };
+  return mockDb;
+}
+
+// ── Tests ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("executeAutoPick — timer mode behavior", () => {
+  let mockSocketIO: any;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    mockSocketIO = { to: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(), emit: vi.fn() };
+    const { getSocketIO } = await import("~/server/socket");
+    vi.mocked(getSocketIO).mockReturnValue(mockSocketIO);
+
+    // autoPickForTeam external dependencies — return minimal happy-path values
+    vi.mocked(getDraftPicksWithSports).mockResolvedValue([]);
+    vi.mocked(getTeamDraftPicksWithSports).mockResolvedValue([]);
+    vi.mocked(getParticipantsForSeasonWithSports).mockResolvedValue([]);
+    vi.mocked(getSeasonSportsSimple).mockResolvedValue([]);
+    vi.mocked(calculateDraftEligibility).mockReturnValue({
+      eligibleSportIds: new Set([SPORT_ID]),
+      ineligibleReasons: {},
+    } as ReturnType<typeof calculateDraftEligibility>);
+
+    // Queue has one item so autoPickForTeam selects it without hitting the EV path
+    vi.mocked(getTeamQueue).mockResolvedValue([
+      { id: "q-1", participantId: PARTICIPANT_ID, queuePosition: 1 } as any,
+    ]);
+    vi.mocked(isParticipantDrafted).mockResolvedValue(false);
+
+    // pruneIneligibleQueueItems calls getAllQueuesForSeason — return empty Map to skip pruning
+    vi.mocked(getAllQueuesForSeason).mockResolvedValue(new Map() as any);
+  });
+
+  // ── chess_clock mode ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  describe("chess_clock mode", () => {
+    it("emits timer-update with bank + increment after a timer-triggered pick", async () => {
+      const mockDb = makeMockDb({ draftTimerMode: "chess_clock", draftIncrementTime: 15 });
+      // Timer expired at 0; 0 + 15 = 15 after the increment
+      mockDb.returning
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])  // insert draft pick
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 15 }]);  // update timer
+
+      await executeAutoPick({
+        seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+        teamId: TEAM_ID,
+        pickNumber: 1,
+        triggeredBy: "timer",
+        autodraftSettings: null,
+        db: mockDb,
+      });
+
+      expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        "timer-update",
+        expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 15 })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("writes the timer increment to the DB", async () => {
+      const mockDb = makeMockDb({ draftTimerMode: "chess_clock", draftIncrementTime: 15 });
+      mockDb.returning
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 15 }]);
+
+      await executeAutoPick({
+        seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+        teamId: TEAM_ID,
+        pickNumber: 1,
+        triggeredBy: "timer",
+        autodraftSettings: null,
+        db: mockDb,
+      });
+
+      expect(mockDb.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({ timeRemaining: expect.anything(), updatedAt: expect.any(Date) })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("applies the configured increment, not a hard-coded default", async () => {
+      // Use a non-default increment of 30 to confirm the value is read from the season
+      const mockDb = makeMockDb({ draftTimerMode: "chess_clock", draftIncrementTime: 30 });
+      mockDb.returning
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
+
+      await executeAutoPick({
+        seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+        teamId: TEAM_ID,
+        pickNumber: 1,
+        triggeredBy: "timer",
+        autodraftSettings: null,
+        db: mockDb,
+      });
+
+      expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        "timer-update",
+        expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("returns success after the pick", async () => {
+      const mockDb = makeMockDb({ draftTimerMode: "chess_clock", draftIncrementTime: 15 });
+      mockDb.returning
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 15 }]);
+
+      const result = await executeAutoPick({
+        seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+        teamId: TEAM_ID,
+        pickNumber: 1,
+        triggeredBy: "timer",
+        autodraftSettings: null,
+        db: mockDb,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ── standard mode ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  describe("standard mode", () => {
+    it("emits timer-update with exactly draftIncrementTime after a timer-triggered pick", async () => {
+      const mockDb = makeMockDb({ draftTimerMode: "standard", draftIncrementTime: 30 });
+      mockDb.returning
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
+
+      await executeAutoPick({
+        seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+        teamId: TEAM_ID,
+        pickNumber: 1,
+        triggeredBy: "timer",
+        autodraftSettings: null,
+        db: mockDb,
+      });
+
+      expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        "timer-update",
+        expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("writes the timer reset to the DB", async () => {
+      const mockDb = makeMockDb({ draftTimerMode: "standard", draftIncrementTime: 30 });
+      mockDb.returning
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
+
+      await executeAutoPick({
+        seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+        teamId: TEAM_ID,
+        pickNumber: 1,
+        triggeredBy: "timer",
+        autodraftSettings: null,
+        db: mockDb,
+      });
+
+      expect(mockDb.update).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    });
+
+    it("uses custom draftIncrementTime when configured", async () => {
+      const mockDb = makeMockDb({ draftTimerMode: "standard", draftIncrementTime: 90 });
+      mockDb.returning
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 90 }]);
+
+      await executeAutoPick({
+        seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+        teamId: TEAM_ID,
+        pickNumber: 1,
+        triggeredBy: "timer",
+        autodraftSettings: null,
+        db: mockDb,
+      });
+
+      expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        "timer-update",
+        expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 90 })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("returns success after the pick", async () => {
+      const mockDb = makeMockDb({ draftTimerMode: "standard", draftIncrementTime: 30 });
+      mockDb.returning
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
+
+      const result = await executeAutoPick({
+        seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+        teamId: TEAM_ID,
+        pickNumber: 1,
+        triggeredBy: "timer",
+        autodraftSettings: null,
+        db: mockDb,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/app/models/draft-utils.ts b/app/models/draft-utils.ts
index 7cd4a7d..c93611e 100644
--- a/app/models/draft-utils.ts
+++ b/app/models/draft-utils.ts
@@ -645,9 +645,10 @@ export async function executeAutoPick(params: {
     const totalPicks = totalTeams * season.draftRounds;
     const isDraftComplete = nextPickNumber > totalPicks;
 
-    // Auto picks do not earn bank time.
+    // Update the team's timer after the auto-pick.
     // Standard mode: reset to the per-pick time (atomic, prevents race with timer loop).
-    // Chess clock mode: timer already reached 0; leave the bank frozen at 0.
+    // Chess clock mode: add the increment so the team starts their next turn with some time
+    //   (without this, a single timeout would permanently freeze their bank at 0).
     let emitTimeRemaining: number;
 
     if (season.draftTimerMode === "standard") {
@@ -666,10 +667,26 @@ export async function executeAutoPick(params: {
         `[AutoPick] Reset timer for team ${teamId} to ${emitTimeRemaining}s (standard mode)`
       );
     } else {
-      // Chess clock: no DB update — auto picks don't earn increment.
-      emitTimeRemaining = currentTimer?.timeRemaining ?? 0;
+      // Chess clock: add the increment (atomic add, same as a manual pick).
+      const [updatedTimer] = await db
+        .update(schema.draftTimers)
+        .set({
+          timeRemaining: sql`${schema.draftTimers.timeRemaining} + ${incrementTime}`,
+          updatedAt: new Date(),
+        })
+        .where(
+          and(
+            eq(schema.draftTimers.seasonId, seasonId),
+            eq(schema.draftTimers.teamId, teamId)
+          )
+        )
+        .returning();
+      emitTimeRemaining = updatedTimer?.timeRemaining ?? incrementTime;
+      if (!updatedTimer) {
+        await db.insert(schema.draftTimers).values({ seasonId, teamId, timeRemaining: emitTimeRemaining });
+      }
       logger.log(
-        `[AutoPick] Chess clock pick for team ${teamId}, bank frozen at ${emitTimeRemaining}s (no increment)`
+        `[AutoPick] Chess clock auto-pick for team ${teamId}, bank is now ${emitTimeRemaining}s (+${incrementTime}s increment)`
       );
     }
 
diff --git a/app/routes/api/__tests__/draft.force-manual-pick.test.ts b/app/routes/api/__tests__/draft.force-manual-pick.test.ts
index e26aada..502e876 100644
--- a/app/routes/api/__tests__/draft.force-manual-pick.test.ts
+++ b/app/routes/api/__tests__/draft.force-manual-pick.test.ts
@@ -348,43 +348,38 @@ describe("draft.force-manual-pick action", () => {
 
   // ── Timer behavior ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   //
-  // Force manual picks are commissioner actions — they do NOT earn the team
-  // any extra time bank, regardless of timer mode.
+  // Force manual picks earn the increment the same as any other pick.
   //
-  // chess_clock: bank is frozen (no DB update); current value read for socket emit.
-  // standard:    bank resets to draftIncrementTime (the per-pick time) for the next turn.
+  // chess_clock: bank += draftIncrementTime (atomic add).
+  // standard:    bank resets to draftIncrementTime for the next turn.
   // Next team's bank is always left completely untouched.
 
   describe("timer behavior", () => {
     describe("chess_clock mode", () => {
-      it("does NOT add increment to the picking team's bank", async () => {
-        // Timer has 75s (from beforeEach mock); forced pick → bank stays at 75s
+      it("adds the increment to the picking team's bank", async () => {
+        // Timer has 75s (from beforeEach mock); 75 + 30 = 105s after increment
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
+
         await action({ request: defaultPickRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
 
         expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
           "timer-update",
-          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 75 })
+          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 })
         );
       });
 
-      it("emits timer-update with the frozen (unchanged) bank value", async () => {
+      it("writes the incremented timer to the DB", async () => {
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
+
         await action({ request: defaultPickRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
 
-        expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith("timer-update", {
-          seasonId: SEASON_ID,
-          teamId: TEAM_ID,
-          timeRemaining: 75,
-          currentPickNumber: 2,
-        });
-      });
-
-      it("reads the picking team's timer but does not write it", async () => {
-        await action({ request: defaultPickRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
-
-        // findFirst called once (picking team's current value for the emit)
-        expect(mockDb.query.draftTimers.findFirst).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-        // update called once only for season.currentPickNumber — NOT for the timer
-        expect(mockDb.update).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(mockDb.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({ timeRemaining: expect.anything(), updatedAt: expect.any(Date) })
+        );
       });
     });
 
@@ -409,15 +404,16 @@ describe("draft.force-manual-pick action", () => {
         );
       });
 
-      it("writes the DB timer (reset) and updates the season pick number", async () => {
+      it("writes the timer reset to the DB", async () => {
         mockDb.returning
           .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
           .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
 
         await action({ request: defaultPickRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
 
-        // Two updates: timer reset + season.currentPickNumber
-        expect(mockDb.update).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+        expect(mockDb.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({ timeRemaining: expect.anything(), updatedAt: expect.any(Date) })
+        );
       });
     });
 
diff --git a/app/routes/api/__tests__/draft.force-manual-pick.timer-mode.test.ts b/app/routes/api/__tests__/draft.force-manual-pick.timer-mode.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba3aabd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/routes/api/__tests__/draft.force-manual-pick.timer-mode.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for draft.force-manual-pick timer behavior across chess_clock and standard modes.
+ *
+ * chess_clock: force picks earn the increment just like any other pick (bank += increment)
+ * standard:    force picks always reset the bank to exactly draftIncrementTime
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
+import type { RouterContextProvider } from "react-router";
+import { action } from "~/routes/api/draft.force-manual-pick";
+
+const ctx = {} as unknown as RouterContextProvider;
+
+vi.mock("~/database/context");
+vi.mock("~/server/socket", () => ({
+  getSocketIO: vi.fn(),
+}));
+vi.mock("@clerk/react-router/server", () => ({
+  getAuth: vi.fn(),
+}));
+vi.mock("~/models/draft-pick", () => ({
+  getDraftPicksWithSports: vi.fn(),
+  getTeamDraftPicksWithSports: vi.fn(),
+}));
+vi.mock("~/models/participant", () => ({
+  getParticipantsForSeasonWithSports: vi.fn(),
+}));
+vi.mock("~/models/season-sport", () => ({
+  getSeasonSportsSimple: vi.fn(),
+}));
+vi.mock("~/lib/draft-eligibility", () => ({
+  calculateDraftEligibility: vi.fn(),
+}));
+vi.mock("~/models/draft-utils", () => ({
+  checkAndTriggerNextAutodraft: vi.fn(),
+  calculatePickInfo: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({ round: 1, pickInRound: 1, teamIndex: 0 }),
+}));
+vi.mock("~/models/user", () => ({
+  isUserAdminByClerkId: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+// ── Fixtures ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const SEASON_ID = "season-1";
+const TEAM_ID = "team-1";
+const NEXT_TEAM_ID = "team-2";
+const PARTICIPANT_ID = "participant-1";
+const COMMISSIONER_ID = "commissioner-user-1";
+const ADMIN_ID = "admin-user-1";
+const SPORT_ID = "sport-nfl";
+
+const mockParticipant = {
+  id: PARTICIPANT_ID,
+  name: "Patrick Mahomes",
+  sportsSeason: {
+    id: "sports-season-1",
+    sport: { id: SPORT_ID, name: "NFL" },
+  },
+};
+
+const mockDraftPick = {
+  id: "pick-1",
+  seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+  teamId: TEAM_ID,
+  participantId: PARTICIPANT_ID,
+  pickNumber: 1,
+  round: 1,
+  pickInRound: 1,
+  pickedByUserId: COMMISSIONER_ID,
+  pickedByType: "commissioner",
+};
+
+const mockDraftSlots = [
+  {
+    id: "slot-1",
+    seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+    teamId: TEAM_ID,
+    draftOrder: 1,
+    team: { id: TEAM_ID, name: "Team 1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, ownerId: "owner-1" },
+  },
+  {
+    id: "slot-2",
+    seasonId: SEASON_ID,
+    teamId: NEXT_TEAM_ID,
+    draftOrder: 2,
+    team: { id: NEXT_TEAM_ID, name: "Team 2", seasonId: SEASON_ID, ownerId: "owner-2" },
+  },
+];
+
+function makeSeason(overrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
+  return {
+    id: SEASON_ID,
+    leagueId: "league-1",
+    status: "draft",
+    draftRounds: 3,
+    draftInitialTime: 120,
+    draftIncrementTime: 30,
+    draftTimerMode: "chess_clock",
+    currentPickNumber: 1,
+    draftPaused: false,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+function makeRequest() {
+  const formData = new FormData();
+  formData.append("seasonId", SEASON_ID);
+  formData.append("teamId", TEAM_ID);
+  formData.append("participantId", PARTICIPANT_ID);
+  formData.append("pickNumber", "1");
+  return new Request("http://localhost/api/draft/force-manual-pick", {
+    method: "POST",
+    body: formData,
+  });
+}
+
+// ── Tests ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("draft.force-manual-pick action — timer mode behavior", () => {
+  let mockDb: any;
+  let mockSocketIO: any;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+    // Default: authenticated as commissioner
+    const { getAuth } = await import("@clerk/react-router/server");
+    vi.mocked(getAuth).mockResolvedValue({ userId: COMMISSIONER_ID } as any);
+
+    const { isUserAdminByClerkId } = await import("~/models/user");
+    vi.mocked(isUserAdminByClerkId).mockResolvedValue(false);
+
+    mockSocketIO = { to: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(), emit: vi.fn() };
+    const socketModule = await import("~/server/socket");
+    vi.mocked(socketModule.getSocketIO).mockReturnValue(mockSocketIO);
+
+    const { getDraftPicksWithSports, getTeamDraftPicksWithSports } = await import("~/models/draft-pick");
+    vi.mocked(getDraftPicksWithSports).mockResolvedValue([]);
+    vi.mocked(getTeamDraftPicksWithSports).mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+    const { getParticipantsForSeasonWithSports } = await import("~/models/participant");
+    vi.mocked(getParticipantsForSeasonWithSports).mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+    const { getSeasonSportsSimple } = await import("~/models/season-sport");
+    vi.mocked(getSeasonSportsSimple).mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+    const { calculateDraftEligibility } = await import("~/lib/draft-eligibility");
+    vi.mocked(calculateDraftEligibility).mockReturnValue({
+      eligibleSportIds: new Set([SPORT_ID]),
+      ineligibleReasons: {},
+    } as any);
+
+    const { checkAndTriggerNextAutodraft } = await import("~/models/draft-utils");
+    vi.mocked(checkAndTriggerNextAutodraft).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+    mockDb = {
+      query: {
+        seasons: { findFirst: vi.fn() },
+        commissioners: {
+          findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: "c-1", userId: COMMISSIONER_ID }),
+        },
+        draftPicks: { findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) },
+        participants: { findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(mockParticipant) },
+        draftSlots: { findMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(mockDraftSlots) },
+        draftTimers: {
+          findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: "timer-1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 75 }),
+        },
+      },
+      insert: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      values: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      returning: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([mockDraftPick]),
+      update: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      set: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      where: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      delete: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+    };
+
+    const { database } = await import("~/database/context");
+    vi.mocked(database).mockReturnValue(mockDb);
+  });
+
+  // ── chess_clock mode ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  describe("chess_clock mode", () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mockDb.query.seasons.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(
+        makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "chess_clock", draftInitialTime: 120, draftIncrementTime: 30 })
+      );
+    });
+
+    describe("commissioner force pick", () => {
+      it("emits timer-update with bank + increment", async () => {
+        // Pre-pick bank: 75s. Expected after increment: 75 + 30 = 105s.
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          "timer-update",
+          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 })
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("writes the timer update to the DB", async () => {
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        // Two DB updates: timer row + season.currentPickNumber
+        expect(mockDb.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({ timeRemaining: expect.anything(), updatedAt: expect.any(Date) })
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("accumulates a larger bank when more time was remaining", async () => {
+        mockDb.query.draftTimers.findFirst.mockResolvedValue({ id: "timer-1", timeRemaining: 100 });
+        // 100 + 30 = 130
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 130 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          "timer-update",
+          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 130 })
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("admin force pick", () => {
+      beforeEach(async () => {
+        const { getAuth } = await import("@clerk/react-router/server");
+        vi.mocked(getAuth).mockResolvedValue({ userId: ADMIN_ID } as any);
+
+        const { isUserAdminByClerkId } = await import("~/models/user");
+        vi.mocked(isUserAdminByClerkId).mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+        // Admin is not a commissioner
+        mockDb.query.commissioners.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(null);
+      });
+
+      it("emits timer-update with bank + increment", async () => {
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          "timer-update",
+          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 })
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("writes the timer update to the DB", async () => {
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        expect(mockDb.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({ timeRemaining: expect.anything(), updatedAt: expect.any(Date) })
+        );
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ── standard mode ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  describe("standard mode", () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mockDb.query.seasons.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(
+        makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "standard", draftInitialTime: 30, draftIncrementTime: 30 })
+      );
+    });
+
+    describe("commissioner force pick", () => {
+      it("resets bank to exactly draftIncrementTime", async () => {
+        // Pre-pick bank doesn't matter — standard always resets
+        mockDb.query.draftTimers.findFirst.mockResolvedValue({ id: "timer-1", timeRemaining: 5 });
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          "timer-update",
+          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 })
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("does not accumulate time even when bank was large", async () => {
+        // Team had 25s left; standard mode resets to increment, never adds to prior balance
+        mockDb.query.draftTimers.findFirst.mockResolvedValue({ id: "timer-1", timeRemaining: 25 });
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          "timer-update",
+          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 })
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("admin force pick", () => {
+      beforeEach(async () => {
+        const { getAuth } = await import("@clerk/react-router/server");
+        vi.mocked(getAuth).mockResolvedValue({ userId: ADMIN_ID } as any);
+
+        const { isUserAdminByClerkId } = await import("~/models/user");
+        vi.mocked(isUserAdminByClerkId).mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+        mockDb.query.commissioners.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(null);
+      });
+
+      it("resets bank to exactly draftIncrementTime", async () => {
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          "timer-update",
+          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 })
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("uses custom draftIncrementTime when configured", async () => {
+        mockDb.query.seasons.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(
+          makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "standard", draftInitialTime: 60, draftIncrementTime: 60 })
+        );
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 60 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          "timer-update",
+          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 60 })
+        );
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/app/routes/api/__tests__/draft.make-pick.timer-mode.test.ts b/app/routes/api/__tests__/draft.make-pick.timer-mode.test.ts
index c8c0844..1d7ddde 100644
--- a/app/routes/api/__tests__/draft.make-pick.timer-mode.test.ts
+++ b/app/routes/api/__tests__/draft.make-pick.timer-mode.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /**
  * Tests for draft.make-pick timer behavior across chess_clock and standard modes.
  *
- * chess_clock: after a pick, the team's remaining bank += increment (carry-over)
- * standard:    after a pick, the team's bank resets to exactly the increment
+ * chess_clock: after ANY pick (owner, commissioner, admin), bank += increment
+ * standard:    after ANY pick, bank resets to exactly draftIncrementTime
  */
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
 import type { RouterContextProvider } from "react-router";
@@ -39,13 +39,15 @@ vi.mock("~/models/user", () => ({
   isUserAdminByClerkId: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
-// ── Fixtures ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// ── Fixtures ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 const SEASON_ID = "season-1";
 const TEAM_ID = "team-1";
 const NEXT_TEAM_ID = "team-2";
 const PARTICIPANT_ID = "participant-1";
 const OWNER_ID = "owner-user-1";
+const COMMISSIONER_ID = "commissioner-user-1";
+const ADMIN_ID = "admin-user-1";
 const SPORT_ID = "sport-nfl";
 
 const mockParticipant = {
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ const mockDraftPick = {
   pickedByType: "owner",
 };
 
+// Two-team draft; team-1 picks first.
 const mockDraftSlots = [
   {
     id: "slot-1",
@@ -111,7 +114,7 @@ function makeRequest() {
   });
 }
 
-// ── Tests ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// ── Tests ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 describe("draft.make-pick action — timer mode behavior", () => {
   let mockDb: any;
@@ -156,7 +159,7 @@ describe("draft.make-pick action — timer mode behavior", () => {
         draftPicks: { findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) },
         participants: { findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(mockParticipant) },
         draftSlots: { findMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(mockDraftSlots) },
-        draftTimers: { findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ timeRemaining: 75 }) },
+        draftTimers: { findFirst: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: "timer-1", timeRemaining: 75 }) },
         draftQueue: { findMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]) },
       },
       insert: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
@@ -172,16 +175,23 @@ describe("draft.make-pick action — timer mode behavior", () => {
     vi.mocked(database).mockReturnValue(mockDb);
   });
 
+  // ── chess_clock mode ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
   describe("chess_clock mode", () => {
-    describe("owner pick — earns the increment", () => {
-      it("emits timer-update with the incremented balance (bank + increment)", async () => {
-        mockDb.query.seasons.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(
-          makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "chess_clock", draftInitialTime: 120, draftIncrementTime: 30 })
-        );
-        // Simulate DB returning previous 75s + 30s increment = 105s
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mockDb.query.seasons.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(
+        makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "chess_clock", draftInitialTime: 120, draftIncrementTime: 30 })
+      );
+    });
+
+    describe("owner pick", () => {
+      // Auth default is OWNER_ID (team owner), no extra setup needed.
+
+      it("emits timer-update with bank + increment", async () => {
+        // DB returns 75 + 30 = 105 after the atomic add
         mockDb.returning
-          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick]) // insert draft pick
-          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]); // update timer
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
 
         await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
 
@@ -191,14 +201,12 @@ describe("draft.make-pick action — timer mode behavior", () => {
         );
       });
 
-      it("picks with more time remaining accumulate a larger bank", async () => {
-        mockDb.query.seasons.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(
-          makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "chess_clock", draftInitialTime: 120, draftIncrementTime: 30 })
-        );
-        // Team had 100s; 100 + 30 = 130s
+      it("accumulates a larger bank when more time was remaining", async () => {
+        mockDb.query.draftTimers.findFirst.mockResolvedValue({ id: "timer-1", timeRemaining: 100 });
+        // 100 + 30 = 130
         mockDb.returning
           .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
-          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 130 }]);
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 130 }]);
 
         await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
 
@@ -207,78 +215,120 @@ describe("draft.make-pick action — timer mode behavior", () => {
           expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 130 })
         );
       });
+
+      it("writes the timer update to the DB", async () => {
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        expect(mockDb.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({ timeRemaining: expect.anything(), updatedAt: expect.any(Date) })
+        );
+      });
     });
 
-    describe("commissioner pick — no increment earned", () => {
-      const COMMISSIONER_ID = "commissioner-user-1";
-
+    describe("commissioner pick", () => {
       beforeEach(async () => {
-        // Auth as commissioner (not the team owner)
         const { getAuth } = await import("@clerk/react-router/server");
         vi.mocked(getAuth).mockResolvedValue({ userId: COMMISSIONER_ID } as any);
-        // Commissioner record exists
-        mockDb.query.commissioners.findFirst.mockResolvedValue({
-          id: "c-1",
-          userId: COMMISSIONER_ID,
-        });
-        // Team is owned by someone else
+
+        mockDb.query.commissioners.findFirst.mockResolvedValue({ id: "c-1", userId: COMMISSIONER_ID });
+        // Commissioner does not own the team on the clock
         mockDb.query.draftSlots.findMany.mockResolvedValue([
           {
-            id: "slot-1",
-            seasonId: SEASON_ID,
-            teamId: TEAM_ID,
-            draftOrder: 1,
-            team: { id: TEAM_ID, name: "Team 1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, ownerId: "different-owner" },
-          },
-          {
-            id: "slot-2",
-            seasonId: SEASON_ID,
-            teamId: NEXT_TEAM_ID,
-            draftOrder: 2,
-            team: { id: NEXT_TEAM_ID, name: "Team 2", seasonId: SEASON_ID, ownerId: "owner-2" },
+            ...mockDraftSlots[0],
+            team: { ...mockDraftSlots[0].team, ownerId: "someone-else" },
           },
+          mockDraftSlots[1],
         ]);
       });
 
-      it("emits timer-update with the frozen (unchanged) bank — no increment added", async () => {
-        mockDb.query.seasons.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(
-          makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "chess_clock", draftIncrementTime: 30 })
-        );
-        // timerSnapshot has 75s remaining; commissioner picks → should still be 75s
-        mockDb.query.draftTimers.findFirst.mockResolvedValue({ timeRemaining: 75 });
-        mockDb.returning.mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick]);
+      it("emits timer-update with bank + increment", async () => {
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
 
         await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
 
         expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
           "timer-update",
-          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 75 })
+          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 })
         );
       });
 
-      it("does not write the timer to the DB (no increment update)", async () => {
-        mockDb.query.seasons.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(
-          makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "chess_clock", draftIncrementTime: 30 })
-        );
-        mockDb.returning.mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick]);
+      it("writes the timer update to the DB", async () => {
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
 
         await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
 
-        // Only one update: season.currentPickNumber — the timer row is NOT written
-        expect(mockDb.update).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(mockDb.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({ timeRemaining: expect.anything(), updatedAt: expect.any(Date) })
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("admin pick", () => {
+      beforeEach(async () => {
+        const { getAuth } = await import("@clerk/react-router/server");
+        vi.mocked(getAuth).mockResolvedValue({ userId: ADMIN_ID } as any);
+
+        const { isUserAdminByClerkId } = await import("~/models/user");
+        vi.mocked(isUserAdminByClerkId).mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+        // Admin does not own the team on the clock
+        mockDb.query.draftSlots.findMany.mockResolvedValue([
+          {
+            ...mockDraftSlots[0],
+            team: { ...mockDraftSlots[0].team, ownerId: "someone-else" },
+          },
+          mockDraftSlots[1],
+        ]);
+      });
+
+      it("emits timer-update with bank + increment", async () => {
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          "timer-update",
+          expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 })
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("writes the timer update to the DB", async () => {
+        mockDb.returning
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 105 }]);
+
+        await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+        expect(mockDb.set).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({ timeRemaining: expect.anything(), updatedAt: expect.any(Date) })
+        );
       });
     });
   });
 
+  // ── standard mode ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
   describe("standard mode", () => {
-    it("emits timer-update with exactly draftIncrementTime regardless of remaining bank", async () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
       mockDb.query.seasons.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(
-        makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "standard", draftInitialTime: 120, draftIncrementTime: 30 })
+        makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "standard", draftInitialTime: 30, draftIncrementTime: 30 })
       );
-      // Simulate DB resetting to exactly 30s (the increment), ignoring prior bank
+    });
+
+    it("owner pick — resets bank to exactly draftIncrementTime", async () => {
       mockDb.returning
         .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
-        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
 
       await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
 
@@ -288,37 +338,78 @@ describe("draft.make-pick action — timer mode behavior", () => {
       );
     });
 
-    it("fast pickers do NOT accumulate time — always resets to increment", async () => {
-      mockDb.query.seasons.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(
-        makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "standard", draftInitialTime: 120, draftIncrementTime: 30 })
-      );
-      // Team picked quickly with 90s remaining — in standard mode they still reset to 30s
+    it("owner pick — fast picker does NOT accumulate time (bank never exceeds increment)", async () => {
+      // Team had 25s left (picked quickly); standard mode ignores prior balance
+      mockDb.query.draftTimers.findFirst.mockResolvedValue({ id: "timer-1", timeRemaining: 25 });
       mockDb.returning
         .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
-        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
 
       await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
 
-      // Must be 30 (increment reset), not 120 (initialTime) or 120 (90+30)
       expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         "timer-update",
         expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 })
       );
     });
 
-    it("still returns 200 on a successful pick", async () => {
+    it("commissioner pick — resets bank to exactly draftIncrementTime", async () => {
+      const { getAuth } = await import("@clerk/react-router/server");
+      vi.mocked(getAuth).mockResolvedValue({ userId: COMMISSIONER_ID } as any);
+      mockDb.query.commissioners.findFirst.mockResolvedValue({ id: "c-1", userId: COMMISSIONER_ID });
+      mockDb.query.draftSlots.findMany.mockResolvedValue([
+        { ...mockDraftSlots[0], team: { ...mockDraftSlots[0].team, ownerId: "someone-else" } },
+        mockDraftSlots[1],
+      ]);
+
+      mockDb.returning
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
+
+      await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+      expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        "timer-update",
+        expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("admin pick — resets bank to exactly draftIncrementTime", async () => {
+      const { getAuth } = await import("@clerk/react-router/server");
+      vi.mocked(getAuth).mockResolvedValue({ userId: ADMIN_ID } as any);
+      const { isUserAdminByClerkId } = await import("~/models/user");
+      vi.mocked(isUserAdminByClerkId).mockResolvedValue(true);
+      mockDb.query.draftSlots.findMany.mockResolvedValue([
+        { ...mockDraftSlots[0], team: { ...mockDraftSlots[0].team, ownerId: "someone-else" } },
+        mockDraftSlots[1],
+      ]);
+
+      mockDb.returning
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 }]);
+
+      await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+
+      expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        "timer-update",
+        expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 30 })
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("uses custom draftIncrementTime when configured", async () => {
       mockDb.query.seasons.findFirst.mockResolvedValue(
-        makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "standard", draftIncrementTime: 45 })
+        makeSeason({ draftTimerMode: "standard", draftInitialTime: 90, draftIncrementTime: 90 })
       );
       mockDb.returning
         .mockResolvedValueOnce([mockDraftPick])
-        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", seasonId: SEASON_ID, teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 45 }]);
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: "timer-1", teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 90 }]);
 
-      const response = await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
+      await action({ request: makeRequest(), params: {}, context: ctx });
 
-      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
-      const data = await response.json();
-      expect(data.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(mockSocketIO.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        "timer-update",
+        expect.objectContaining({ teamId: TEAM_ID, timeRemaining: 90 })
+      );
     });
   });
 });
diff --git a/app/routes/api/draft.force-manual-pick.ts b/app/routes/api/draft.force-manual-pick.ts
index 2767be1..174bd62 100644
--- a/app/routes/api/draft.force-manual-pick.ts
+++ b/app/routes/api/draft.force-manual-pick.ts
@@ -146,14 +146,6 @@ export async function action(args: ActionFunctionArgs) {
     return Response.json({ error: reason }, { status: 400 });
   }
 
-  // Snapshot the team's time bank before any writes (used by chess clock branch below).
-  const timerSnapshot = await db.query.draftTimers.findFirst({
-    where: and(
-      eq(schema.draftTimers.seasonId, seasonId),
-      eq(schema.draftTimers.teamId, teamId)
-    ),
-  });
-
   // Create the draft pick
   const [draftPick] = await db
     .insert(schema.draftPicks)
@@ -174,30 +166,26 @@ export async function action(args: ActionFunctionArgs) {
   const totalPicks = totalTeams * season.draftRounds;
   const isDraftComplete = nextPickNumber > totalPicks;
 
-  // Commissioner force picks do not earn bank time.
   // Standard mode: reset to the per-pick time (so the next turn starts fresh).
-  // Chess clock mode: leave the bank frozen — no DB update, use the pre-pick snapshot.
+  // Chess clock: add the increment to the bank (same as any other pick type).
   const incrementTime = season.draftIncrementTime || 30;
-  let newTimeRemaining: number;
+  const timerSql = season.draftTimerMode === "standard"
+    ? sql`${incrementTime}`
+    : sql`${schema.draftTimers.timeRemaining} + ${incrementTime}`;
 
-  if (season.draftTimerMode === "standard") {
-    const [updatedTimer] = await db
-      .update(schema.draftTimers)
-      .set({ timeRemaining: sql`${incrementTime}`, updatedAt: new Date() })
-      .where(
-        and(
-          eq(schema.draftTimers.seasonId, seasonId),
-          eq(schema.draftTimers.teamId, teamId)
-        )
+  const [updatedTimer] = await db
+    .update(schema.draftTimers)
+    .set({ timeRemaining: timerSql, updatedAt: new Date() })
+    .where(
+      and(
+        eq(schema.draftTimers.seasonId, seasonId),
+        eq(schema.draftTimers.teamId, teamId)
       )
-      .returning();
-    newTimeRemaining = updatedTimer?.timeRemaining ?? incrementTime;
-    if (!updatedTimer) {
-      await db.insert(schema.draftTimers).values({ seasonId, teamId, timeRemaining: newTimeRemaining });
-    }
-  } else {
-    // Chess clock: bank is frozen — reuse the pre-pick snapshot, no DB write needed.
-    newTimeRemaining = timerSnapshot?.timeRemaining ?? 0;
+    )
+    .returning();
+  const newTimeRemaining = updatedTimer?.timeRemaining ?? incrementTime;
+  if (!updatedTimer) {
+    await db.insert(schema.draftTimers).values({ seasonId, teamId, timeRemaining: newTimeRemaining });
   }
 
   // Emit timer update to all clients
diff --git a/app/routes/api/draft.make-pick.ts b/app/routes/api/draft.make-pick.ts
index 62fb94a..247a9e9 100644
--- a/app/routes/api/draft.make-pick.ts
+++ b/app/routes/api/draft.make-pick.ts
@@ -205,8 +205,7 @@ export async function action(args: ActionFunctionArgs) {
 
   // Update the picking team's timer after their pick.
   // Standard mode: always reset to the per-pick time, regardless of who picked.
-  // Chess clock, owner pick: add the increment (reward for picking promptly).
-  // Chess clock, commissioner/admin pick: no change — forced picks don't earn bank time.
+  // Chess clock: always add the increment (any pick type — owner, commissioner, or admin).
   const incrementTime = season.draftIncrementTime || 30;
   let newTimeRemaining: number;
 
@@ -225,8 +224,8 @@ export async function action(args: ActionFunctionArgs) {
       )
       .returning();
     newTimeRemaining = updatedTimer?.timeRemaining ?? incrementTime;
-  } else if (isTeamOwner) {
-    // Chess clock, owner pick: earn the increment (atomic add).
+  } else {
+    // Chess clock: earn the increment regardless of who made the pick (atomic add).
     [updatedTimer] = await db
       .update(schema.draftTimers)
       .set({
@@ -241,13 +240,10 @@ export async function action(args: ActionFunctionArgs) {
       )
       .returning();
     newTimeRemaining = updatedTimer?.timeRemaining ?? incrementTime;
-  } else {
-    // Chess clock, commissioner/admin pick: bank is frozen — no DB update needed.
-    newTimeRemaining = timerSnapshot?.timeRemaining ?? 0;
   }
 
-  // If the timer row didn't exist yet, seed it (standard and chess clock owner branches only).
-  if (!updatedTimer && (season.draftTimerMode === "standard" || isTeamOwner)) {
+  // If the timer row didn't exist yet, seed it.
+  if (!updatedTimer) {
     await db.insert(schema.draftTimers).values({
       seasonId,
       teamId: currentDraftSlot.teamId,
diff --git a/app/routes/leagues/$leagueId.tsx b/app/routes/leagues/$leagueId.tsx
index 8962724..8c5a183 100644
--- a/app/routes/leagues/$leagueId.tsx
+++ b/app/routes/leagues/$leagueId.tsx
@@ -429,6 +429,14 @@ export default function LeagueHome({ loaderData }: Route.ComponentProps) {
                     </p>
                     <p className="font-medium">{season.draftRounds}</p>
                   </div>
+                  <div>
+                    <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                      Draft Timer Mode
+                    </p>
+                    <p className="font-medium">
+                      {season.draftTimerMode === "standard" ? "Standard Timer" : "Chess Clock"}
+                    </p>
+                  </div>
                   <div>
                     <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
                       Sports Selected
diff --git a/server/timer.ts b/server/timer.ts
index 4db7df1..09d0c98 100644
--- a/server/timer.ts
+++ b/server/timer.ts
@@ -105,7 +105,10 @@ async function updateDraftTimers(): Promise<void> {
       logger.warn(
         `[Timer] No timer found for team ${currentTeamId} in season ${season.id}, creating with initial time`
       );
-      const initialTime = season.draftInitialTime || 120;
+      // Standard mode seeds with the per-pick time; chess clock seeds with the full bank.
+      const initialTime = season.draftTimerMode === "standard"
+        ? (season.draftIncrementTime || 30)
+        : (season.draftInitialTime || 120);
       await db
         .insert(schema.draftTimers)
         .values({