# Deadline-based draft timer — implementation guide

Companion to [`docs/infrastructure-roadmap.md`](../infrastructure-roadmap.md) Phase 1. This is the "how" doc; the roadmap is the "why."

## The shape of the change

Today, `server/timer.ts` runs a 1-second `setInterval` that decrements `draftTimers.timeRemaining` and broadcasts `timer-update` events. Everything else (manual picks, admin adjustments, pause/resume) just writes `timeRemaining`; the tick is the only thing that knows about "time."

After this change, **time becomes a deadline (a `timestamptz`) stored on the `seasons` row**. The server schedules a single `setTimeout` per active draft, sleeps until the deadline, and fires the auto-pick. Per-second writes and per-second broadcasts go away.

## Schema

One new nullable column on `seasons`:

```sql
ALTER TABLE seasons ADD COLUMN pick_deadline_at timestamptz;
```

Drizzle:
```ts
// app/database/schema.ts — seasons table
pickDeadlineAt: timestamp("pick_deadline_at", { withTimezone: true }),
```

Semantics:
- **NULL** when the draft is paused, pre-draft, completed, or before the first deadline has been written.
- **Set** to an absolute UTC timestamp when the current pick is actively counting down.

`draftTimers.timeRemaining` keeps its existing meaning (per-team remaining seconds, used for chess-clock bank and as "saved seconds while paused"). No other schema changes.

## The single helper every callsite uses

The risk in this refactor is forgetting one of the four+ places that write `draftTimers` today. Mitigate by funneling all deadline writes through one helper.

```ts
// app/models/draft-timer.ts

export interface SetNextPickDeadlineParams {
  seasonId: string;
  teamId: string;          // the team whose pick this is (for chess-clock bank update)
  budgetSeconds: number;   // seconds until the deadline
  tx: DbOrTx;              // pass the enclosing transaction
}

export async function setNextPickDeadline({
  seasonId, teamId, budgetSeconds, tx,
}: SetNextPickDeadlineParams): Promise<{ deadline: Date }> {
  const now = new Date();
  const deadline = new Date(now.getTime() + budgetSeconds * 1000);

  // 1. Write the deadline on the season.
  await tx.update(schema.seasons)
    .set({ pickDeadlineAt: deadline })
    .where(eq(schema.seasons.id, seasonId));

  // 2. Reset the team's timeRemaining so clients/admin tools that read it stay
  //    consistent. Chess-clock callers should pre-compute the new bank and pass it
  //    as budgetSeconds; this function does not know the mode.
  await tx.update(schema.draftTimers)
    .set({ timeRemaining: budgetSeconds, updatedAt: now })
    .where(and(
      eq(schema.draftTimers.seasonId, seasonId),
      eq(schema.draftTimers.teamId, teamId),
    ));

  return { deadline };
}
```

The scheduler module (below) consumes the returned `{ deadline }` to (re)register the in-memory `setTimeout` and emit the socket event. Keep DB writes inside `tx`; do the in-memory + socket work *after* the transaction commits to avoid scheduling against an aborted write.

## The scheduler module

```ts
// server/scheduler.ts  (rename target for the rewritten server/timer.ts)

const timers = new Map<string, { deadline: Date; handle: NodeJS.Timeout }>();

export function scheduleDeadline(seasonId: string, deadline: Date): void {
  const existing = timers.get(seasonId);
  if (existing) clearTimeout(existing.handle);

  const delay = Math.max(0, deadline.getTime() - Date.now());
  const handle = setTimeout(() => fireDeadline(seasonId, deadline), delay);
  timers.set(seasonId, { deadline, handle });
}

export function cancelDeadline(seasonId: string): void {
  const existing = timers.get(seasonId);
  if (!existing) return;
  clearTimeout(existing.handle);
  timers.delete(seasonId);
}

async function fireDeadline(seasonId: string, expected: Date): Promise<void> {
  // Re-read state — the closure may be stale.
  const season = await db.query.seasons.findFirst({
    where: eq(schema.seasons.id, seasonId),
  });
  if (!season) return;                                  // gone
  if (season.status !== "draft") return;                // completed/cancelled
  if (season.draftPaused) return;                       // paused mid-flight
  if (!season.pickDeadlineAt) return;                   // paused or cleared
  if (season.pickDeadlineAt.getTime() !== expected.getTime()) {
    // Someone changed the deadline (admin adjust, etc). Reschedule, don't fire.
    return scheduleDeadline(seasonId, season.pickDeadlineAt);
  }
  // Deadline still valid — run the auto-pick.
  await runAutoPickForCurrentTeam(seasonId);
}
```

On boot, hydrate from the DB:

```ts
export async function bootstrapScheduler(): Promise<void> {
  const active = await db.query.seasons.findMany({
    where: and(
      eq(schema.seasons.status, "draft"),
      isNotNull(schema.seasons.pickDeadlineAt),
    ),
  });
  for (const s of active) {
    scheduleDeadline(s.id, s.pickDeadlineAt!);
  }
}
```

Already-expired deadlines fire immediately (`Math.max(0, …)` → `setTimeout(0)`), and `executeAutoPick`'s existing idempotency (`(seasonId, pickNumber)` uniqueness with `ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING` in `app/models/draft-utils.ts:629`) protects against duplicate firing if the crash happened mid-pick.

## Callsite migration

Five sites need to call `setNextPickDeadline` after this change:

### 1. Draft auto-start — `app/services/draft-autostart.ts`

Today: deletes timer rows, re-seeds them with `timeRemaining: initialTime`. After the draft transitions to `status='draft'`, call the helper for pick #1's team:

```ts
const firstTeamId = /* pick 1's team from draftSlots */;
const { deadline } = await setNextPickDeadline({
  seasonId, teamId: firstTeamId, budgetSeconds: initialTime, tx,
});
// After commit:
scheduleDeadline(seasonId, deadline);
emitDeadlineEvent(seasonId, deadline);
```

### 2. Manual pick — `app/routes/api/draft.make-pick.ts`

Today (`:216-262`): updates next picker's `timeRemaining` to `incrementTime` (standard) or `bank + incrementTime` (chess clock). Replace those raw `UPDATE` statements with a call to `setNextPickDeadline` for the *next* team, passing the computed budget. Inside the same transaction as the pick insert.

### 3. Auto-pick — `server/timer.ts` rewrite

The old `triggerAutoPick` path becomes `runAutoPickForCurrentTeam` (called from `fireDeadline`). After `executeAutoPick` succeeds, compute the next picker's budget the same way `draft.make-pick.ts` does and call `setNextPickDeadline`. If the just-picked draft completes (no next pick), call `cancelDeadline` and clear `pickDeadlineAt`.

**Move `while_on` cascade here:** after setting the next deadline, if the next team is `while_on` autodraft, fire `runAutoPickForCurrentTeam` immediately (recursive call), capped at `totalTeams` iterations. Same semantics as today's tick loop.

### 4. Admin time-bank adjust — `app/routes/api/draft.adjust-time-bank.ts`

Today (`:76-78`): writes new `timeRemaining`. After the rewrite, if the team being adjusted is the *current* picker, also update `pickDeadlineAt` to reflect the new budget:

```ts
if (teamId === currentPickerTeamId && !season.draftPaused) {
  await setNextPickDeadline({ seasonId, teamId, budgetSeconds: newTime, tx });
  scheduleDeadline(seasonId, /* new deadline */);
}
```

For non-current teams, only `timeRemaining` changes (no deadline impact).

### 5. Pause / Resume

- **Pause:** compute remaining = `pickDeadlineAt − now()`, write into `draftTimers.timeRemaining`, null out `seasons.pickDeadlineAt`, call `cancelDeadline(seasonId)`.
- **Resume:** call `setNextPickDeadline` with `budgetSeconds = current draftTimers.timeRemaining`. Same code path as a fresh pick start.

## Overnight pause

Existing logic in `server/timer.ts` (`checkOvernightPause`, `isInOvernightWindow`, `getOvernightResumeUTC`) ports cleanly. When `setNextPickDeadline` is about to write a deadline that falls inside an overnight window, instead write `deadline = resumeAtUTC`, and include a `frozen: true` flag in the socket event so the UI shows the pause indicator. The scheduler doesn't need to know — it just wakes up at `resumeAtUTC`.

Edge: if a pause window crosses an admin time-bank adjust, the recompute path naturally re-evaluates the window. Always go through `setNextPickDeadline`.

## Client side

### Socket event

Replace the per-second `timer-update` with a one-shot `deadline-update`:

```ts
// shared types
interface DeadlineUpdate {
  seasonId: string;
  teamId: string;
  pickNumber: number;
  deadline: string;        // ISO timestamp
  serverNow: string;       // ISO timestamp at emit time
  frozen?: boolean;        // overnight pause
  resumesAtUTC?: number;   // when frozen
}
```

(You can keep the `timer-update` name if you'd rather minimize churn — there's exactly one consumer, `useDraftSocketEvents.ts:261`. Renaming makes the migration grep-able; not renaming makes the diff smaller. Suggest renaming.)

### Handler

`useDraftSocketEvents.ts:handleTimerUpdate` becomes:

```ts
const handleDeadlineUpdate = (data: DeadlineUpdate) => {
  const offset = new Date(data.serverNow).getTime() - Date.now();
  setTimerState({
    deadlineMs: new Date(data.deadline).getTime(),
    serverOffsetMs: offset,
    pickNumber: data.pickNumber,
    frozen: data.frozen ?? false,
  });
};
```

### Countdown rendering

Wherever the draft room renders the countdown, compute locally:

```ts
const remainingMs = timerState.deadlineMs - (Date.now() + timerState.serverOffsetMs);
const remainingSeconds = Math.max(0, Math.ceil(remainingMs / 1000));
```

Drive re-renders via `requestAnimationFrame` (smoother) or a 1Hz `setInterval` (cheaper, matches today's perceived cadence). Force a recompute on `visibilitychange → visible` so tab-backgrounded users get an accurate countdown on return.

### Loader

The draft room loader (`app/routes/leagues/$leagueId.draft.$seasonId.tsx`) must return `pickDeadlineAt` (and a server timestamp) alongside the existing payload. The reconnect path (`useDraftSocket`'s `revalidate` on reconnect) then re-initializes the timer without waiting for a socket event.

## Migration strategy

Two-stage deploy to keep correctness rollback-able:

**Stage 1 — shadow writes (1 day in production).**
1. Add the column.
2. Update all five callsites to call `setNextPickDeadline` (which writes `pickDeadlineAt`).
3. Leave the 1-second `setInterval` running as the authoritative auto-pick path.
4. Add a metric: at each tick, log `actualPickDeadline = now() + timeRemaining` vs the stored `pickDeadlineAt`. They should agree to within ~1 second.
5. Observe a draft or two. Spot-check the metric.

**Stage 2 — flip authority.**
1. Replace `startDraftTimerSystem()` with `bootstrapScheduler()` in `server.ts`.
2. The scheduler is now authoritative; the 1-second interval is gone.
3. Roll out. Confirm `deadline-fire accuracy` metric (actual vs scheduled fire time) stays under 100ms.

**Rollback:** revert the deploy. The `pickDeadlineAt` column remains but is unused; `timeRemaining` semantics are unchanged, so the old tick resumes correctly.

## Tests

New tests (add alongside existing `server/__tests__/timer-*.test.ts`):

1. **Idempotency on restart.** Insert a draft with `pickDeadlineAt` in the past and an existing pick at `pickNumber`. Call `bootstrapScheduler()`. Assert no duplicate pick is created (relies on `executeAutoPick`'s existing `ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING`).
2. **Stale closure reschedule.** Schedule a deadline, mutate `pickDeadlineAt` in the DB to a later time, advance fake timers to the original deadline. Assert `fireDeadline` reschedules instead of picking.
3. **Pause during in-flight.** Schedule a deadline, set `draftPaused=true` in the DB, advance fake timers. Assert no pick is made.
4. **Helper invariant.** Every test that simulates a pick (manual or auto) asserts that *both* `seasons.pickDeadlineAt` and `draftTimers.timeRemaining` were updated. This catches future callsites that bypass `setNextPickDeadline`.
5. **`while_on` cascade.** Three teams all in `while_on` mode; one manual pick by team 1 should cascade to picks by teams 2 and 3 immediately, then schedule the next deadline.
6. **Overnight pause covers deadline.** Set an overnight window 5 minutes before the computed deadline. Assert the stored deadline equals `resumeAtUTC` (not `now + budget`) and the event payload has `frozen: true`.

Existing tests under `server/__tests__/` and `app/models/__tests__/executeAutoPick.timer.test.ts` should still pass — verify before flipping authority.

## Observability

Replace the Phase 0 "tick drift" metric:

```ts
// At fireDeadline entry:
const drift = Date.now() - expectedDeadline.getTime();
logger.log("[Scheduler] deadline fired", { seasonId, driftMs: drift });
```

`driftMs > 500` is the new "tick drift > 1100ms." Anything above a few hundred ms means the event loop was blocked at the moment of firing — worth investigating but not user-visible (the re-read guard handles arbitrary drift correctly).

## What this does *not* solve

- **Multi-instance scheduling.** Two web instances both calling `bootstrapScheduler()` would both schedule `setTimeout`s for the same draft, leading to duplicate auto-pick attempts. Idempotency saves correctness but you'd get duplicate broadcasts. Phase 5 problem, not Phase 1; document the "single scheduler instance" assumption in `server/scheduler.ts`.
- **Scheduled-draft auto-start.** `checkAndAutoStartDrafts` (currently called every tick) needs its own home. Easiest: a separate low-frequency (30–60s) `setInterval` in `server.ts`. Rare event, doesn't need precision.
- **Pick-completion broadcast volume.** The existing `pick-made` event still fires per pick; this refactor doesn't change that. Only the per-second `timer-update` chatter goes away.